CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PAKISTAN

Vaporizers are heat exchangers which are specially designed to supply latent heat of vaporization to the fluid. In some cases it can also preheat the fluid then this section of vaporizers will be called upon preheating zone and the other section in which latent heat is supplied; is known as vaporization zone but he whole assembly will be called upon a vaporizer. Vaporizers are called upon to fulfill the multitude of latent-heat services which are not a part of evaporative or distillation process. There are two principal types of tubular vaporizing equipment used in industry: Boilers and Vaporizing Exchangers . Boilers are directly fired tubular apparatus, which primarily convert fuel energy into latent heat of vaporization. Vaporizing Exchangers are unfired and convert latent or sensible heat of one fluid into the latent heat of vaporization of another. If a vaporizing exchanger is used for the evaporation of water or an aqueous solution, it is now fairly conventional to call...

Introduction Pump is a device that imparts momentum and mechanical energy to the process fluid. Pumps are used to transfer fluid from one location to other. Main Types Of Pumps ·          Reciprocating pump ·          Centrifugal pump Reciprocating Pump: Reciprocating pumps delivered energy to a flowing fluid by means of a piston acting through a cylinder. Although steam is often employed as a source of power for this type of pumps, the piston can be activated by other means, such as o rotating crankshaft operated by an electric motor. Thus reciprocating piston pumps can be classified as ·          Steam pumps ·          Power pumps They can also be classified as single acting or double acting depending on weather energy is delivered to the fluid on both the forward and backward strokes of the piston. Recipro...

Gas absorbers are used extensively in industry for separation and purification of gas streams as product recovery devices, and as pollution control devices. Gas absorbers are most widely used to remove water soluble inorganic contaminants from air streams. Absorption is a process where one or more soluble components of a gas mixture are dissolved in a liquid (i.e., a solvent).   In gas absorption, soluble vapors are more or less absorbed in th e solvent from it s mixture with inert gas. The purpose of such gas scrubbing operations may be any of the following; ·          For separation of component having the economic value. ·          As a stage in the preparation of some compound. ·          For removing of undesired component (pollution). Types of Absorption ·          Physical absorption, ·   ...

A furnace is a device in which chemical energy of fuel or electrical energy is converted into heat which is then used to raise the temperature of material, called the burden or stock, placed with in the furnace. Furnace that is operating at temperature below 1200 o F (650 o C) are commonly called ‘oven’. In ceramic industry furnaces are called ‘kilns’. In the petrochemical and CPI (Chemical Process Industries) furnaces may be termed as ‘heaters’, ‘kilns’, ‘after burners’, ‘incinerators’ or ‘destructors’ .   Classification of Furnaces Furnaces are classified from different points of view in order to have an idea of representative types of various industrial furnaces which mainly comprise of three main portions: 1.       The fire place where combustion of fuel takes place. 2.       The working chamber or furnace proper where heat is transferred from products of combustion to the material under heating. 3.   ...

Absorption refers to the transfer of a component from a gas phase to a liquid phase in which it is soluble. Stripping is exactly the reverse, the transfer of a component from a liquid phase in which it is dissolved to a gas phase. Absorption is undoubtedly the single most important process of gas purification processes. The principle gas phase impurities commonly encountered in the process industry are hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, water vapors, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen cyanide etc. In this particular project, the objective is to remove H 2 S from the gaseous stream coming from the high pressure separator.  Design Steps 1.          Selection of absorbent & system loading. 2.          Material balance. 3.          Selection of column. 4.          Selection of trays. 5.       ...